Independent Optical Research & Systems Design

Advancing Light Imaging.

Optical Microscopy, Adaptive Optics, Lens Design and Computational Microscopy

Restoring diffraction-limited resolution, translational Raman diagnostics, multiphoton fluorescence microscopy, coherent nonlinear spectroscopy, and lens design.

Explore Techniques ↓ Core Foundations › All Articles ›

The Lineup

Core Microscopy Techniques.

Engineered optical systems paired with their flagship papers, high-res plots, and foundation guides.

Nonlinear Biophotonics

Multiphoton Fluorescence Microscopy.

Multiphoton excitation fluorescence with ultrafast pulse & wavefront control.

Deep-tissue nonlinear laser-scanning fluorescence microscopy with intrinsic 3D sectioning, femtosecond pulse delivery, dispersion compensation (GDD), and holographic wavefront shaping for scattering in vivo media.

100 fs Ultrafast Pulses

3D Focus Intrinsic Sectioning

DASH Fast Holography

GDD Dispersion Control

Flagship Paper Foundation Guide ›

Featured Setup Fast Dynamic Wavefront Shaping for Multiphoton Microscopy using Piston-like MEMs

Open ›

Raman Microscopy.

Autofluorescence-free real-time tissue spectroscopy & imaging.

Suppression of biological autofluorescence via compact 1064 nm dispersive fiber-probe Raman spectroscopy and nosepiece-integrated confocal Raman microscopy for real-time surgical tumor margin assessment.

1064 nm Autofluorescence-Free

InGaAs High Sensitivity NIR

Confocal 3D Chemical Mapping

< 1 s Margin Detection

Flagship Paper Foundation Guide ›

Featured Setup 1064 nm Fiber Probe Raman Imaging for Human Bladder Resectates

Open ›

Coherent Raman Microscopy.

Video-rate label-free chemical imaging via CARS & SRS.

Synchronized dual-color femtosecond/picosecond pulse trains coherently drive molecular vibrational resonances, amplifying chemical signals by orders of magnitude for high-speed live metabolic imaging.

χ⁽³⁾ Nonlinear Resonances

30 fps Video-Rate Chemical

Dual fs/ps Synchronized Beams

Label-Free Biomolecular Dynamics

Foundation Guide

Featured Setup Coherent Raman Scattering (CARS / SRS)

Open ›

Photothermal Microscopy.

Ultra-sensitive label-free absorption detection via thermal lensing.

Intensity-modulated pump beams locally induce time-varying thermal lenses around non-fluorescent chromophores and nanoparticles, detected with phase-sensitive lock-in probe beam scattering.

∂n/∂T Thermal Lensing

Single NP Absorption Detection

Lock-In Phase Amplification

Pump-Probe Modulated Beams

Foundation Guide

Featured Setup Photothermal Microscopy

Open ›

Adaptive Optics.

Restoring diffraction-limited focus in scattering tissue.

Sensorless optical aberration correction leveraging transmissive optofluidic modulators and high-speed piston MEMS to eliminate optical aberrations and deliver up to 3.5× signal boost deep inside organoids and brain tissue.

3.5× Signal Boost in Tissue

100 Hz MEMS Dynamic Speed

Sensorless Phase Retrieval

Zernike Aberration Modes

Flagship Paper

Featured Setup Fast Dynamic Wavefront Shaping for Multiphoton Microscopy using Piston-like MEMs

Open ›

Lens Systems Design.

Precision telecentric scan lenses and laser resonator CAD.

Sequential and non-sequential ray tracing, 1064 nm diffraction-limited image-telecentric laser scanning lenses, laser cavity ABCD resonators, and automated DLS merit function optimization in Python.

0.0° Chief Ray Telecentricity

LM-DLS Zemax Optimization

Airy Disc Diffraction-Limited

2D Optics Python CAD Engine

Flagship Paper

Featured Setup 1064 nm Image Telecentric Design: Laser Scanning Lens

Open ›

Computational Imaging.

Open-source chemometrics, phase retrieval, and AI models.

Parallel hyperspectral image processing, SNIP baseline correction, and Vertex Component Analysis unmixing in SpectraMap, paired with vision-transformer models for automated LaTeX equation recognition.

PyPI SpectraMap Package

SNIP+VCA Parallel Chemometrics

ViT AI Vision-Transformer

4D Cube Hyperspectral Unmix

Flagship Paper Foundation Guide ›

Featured Setup SpMap: Hyperspectral Package for Spectroscopists

Open ›

Core Foundations.

Interactive mathematical frameworks, Jablonski diagrams, and optical instrumentation principles.

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Raman $\Delta\tilde{\nu} = \tilde{\nu}_0 - \tilde{\nu}_s$

Raman Imaging

Inelastic light scattering, molecular polarizability, vibrational modes, and how hyperspectral Raman cubes are acquired and unmixed into chemical maps.

Read Foundation ›

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Coherent Raman $P^{(3)} = \chi^{(3)} E_p^2 E_S^*$

Coherent Raman Scattering (CARS / SRS)

Third-order nonlinear susceptibility χ⁽³⁾, coherent driving of molecular vibrations with pump and Stokes ultrafast pulses, and video-rate chemical imaging.

Read Foundation ›

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Multiphoton $F \propto \delta_n \Phi I^n$

Multiphoton Fluorescence Microscopy

Nonlinear n-photon absorption (I² / I³), intrinsic 3D optical sectioning, NIR scattering reduction, and femtosecond pulse dispersion requirements.

Read Foundation ›

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Photothermal $S \propto (\partial n / \partial T)\, \Delta T$

Photothermal Microscopy

Pump-probe detection of local refractive-index gradients (∂n/∂T) induced by optical absorption in non-fluorescent nanostructures and tissues.

Read Foundation ›

Machine Learning for Hyperspectral Images

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Computational $\mathbf{X} \approx \mathbf{W}\mathbf{H}$

Machine Learning for Hyperspectral Images

Dimensionality reduction (PCA), k-means/hierarchical clustering, NMF/vertex spectral unmixing, and supervised tissue classification.

Read Foundation ›

Research, CAD & Foundations

All Publications.

Filter by microscopy technique, research papers, or foundational physics guides.

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Lens Design

1064 nm Image Telecentric Design: Laser Scanning Lens

An image-telecentric laser scanning lens at 1064 nm: chief rays stay parallel to the optical axis, so the image scale does not change when the sensor moves, with diffraction-limited performance.

Oct 28, 2026 Read article ›

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Adaptive OpticsMultiphoton

Fast Dynamic Wavefront Shaping for Multiphoton Microscopy using Piston-like MEMs

Sensorless phase retrieval leveraging a fast high-resolution MEMS phase-only modulator targeting real-time aberration correction in nonlinear multiphoton microscopy across organoids and brain tissue.

Oct 27, 2026 Read article ›

2D Optics: Zemax-Standard Optical Optimization, Laser Resonators & AI Engineering

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Lens DesignComputational

2D Optics: Zemax-Standard Optical Optimization, Laser Resonators & AI Engineering

Desktop optical engineering suite featuring a full Lens Data Editor (LDE), sequential/non-sequential ray tracing, Zemax-standard LM-DLS optimizer, laser cavity stability, 54 Herbert Gross presets, and STEP/DXF CAD export.

Oct 27, 2026 Read article ›

Confocal Raman Microscopy with Adaptive Optics

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Adaptive OpticsRaman

Confocal Raman Microscopy with Adaptive Optics

First application of adaptive optics in confocal Raman microscopy: a transmissive optofluidic wavefront shaper on the objective nosepiece corrects sample-induced aberrations, boosting Raman signal up to 3.5x in mouse brain tissue.

Dec 20, 2024 Read article ›

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Raman

1064 nm Fiber Probe Raman Imaging for Human Bladder Resectates

Compact dispersive 1064 nm fiber-probe Raman imaging spectrometer that suppresses biological autofluorescence, discriminates tumor from non-tumor human bladder tissue and characterizes kidney stones.

Jul 7, 2024 Read article ›

Optofluidic Spatial Light Modulator in Multi-Photon Imaging

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Adaptive OpticsMultiphoton

Optofluidic Spatial Light Modulator in Multi-Photon Imaging

Transmissive, low-loss optofluidic phase modulator for sensorless aberration correction in two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy.

Feb 10, 2023 Read article ›

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Computational

SpMap: Hyperspectral Package for Spectroscopists

Open-source Python 3 package for hyperspectral images: preprocessing, baseline correction, PCA, clustering and spectral unmixing for Raman, IR and fluorescence data.

Aug 15, 2022 Read article ›

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Raman

Raman Intensity Calibration from 500 to 1100 nm Laser Excitation

Standardized protocol to calibrate the spectral intensity (y-axis) response of Raman spectrometers across visible and NIR excitation wavelengths.

Mar 5, 2022 Read article ›

PDF LaTeX Equations to LaTeX Code by Deep Learning (pix2tex)

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Computational

PDF LaTeX Equations to LaTeX Code by Deep Learning (pix2tex)

Convert printed scientific equations from PDF papers into editable LaTeX source code using vision-transformer deep learning.

Jan 17, 2022 Read article ›

TPEF: Improving Speed and Deep Tissue Imaging by Holography (DASH & PMC)

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MultiphotonAdaptive Optics

TPEF: Improving Speed and Deep Tissue Imaging by Holography (DASH & PMC)

Dynamic Adaptive Scattering compensation Holography (DASH) and phase-modulation methods that recover diffraction-limited two-photon focus deep inside turbid tissue.

Jan 16, 2022 Read article ›

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Raman